beneficence
R E F E R E N C E S
CITATIONS and NOTES
Aaron, Henry (2011) ‘The Central Question for Health Policy in Deficit Reduction’, New England Journal of Medicine, 365, 18:1655-7.
______, ALTARUM (2020) ‘HEALTH SECTOR ECONOMIC INDICATORS Insights from Monthly Health Spending Data through December 2019’, Ann Arbor, MI: Altarum Institute.
NOTE The most succinct report for 2019 was released on February 21, 2020. It is a 4-page report with a format that has evolved over several years. The report originates from within the ALTARUM Center for Value in Healthcare. George Miller, Ph.D. is the Research Leader for the analytics that publishes its Health Sector Economic Indicators reports. The report most commonly cited for economic data may be found, as of 11-28-20, at www:altarum.org/sites/default/uploaded-publication-files/SHSS-Spending-Brief_Feb_2020-v2.pdf
______, America’s Health Insurance Plans (2008) ‘GUARANTEEING ACCESS To Coverage For All Americans’, originally accessed 2-10-2008 at http://www.ahip.org
NOTE Subsequently, I found the 2008 essay on 11-19-20 at http://www.aha.org/system/files/content/00-10/0704-uhp-ahip.pdf
______, America’s Health Insurance Plans (2020) ‘…AHIP…monitors and advocates on a range of important health care issues…’ accessed on 11-19-2020 at http://www.aha.org/systems/
NOTE As compared to 2008, the most current view of AHIP’s advocacy (accessed 11-19-2020) can be identified at
http://www.aha.org/system/files/content/00-10/0704-uhp-ahip.pdf
This site offers a cluster of separate essays on 23 relevant health reform issues. They are mostly discussed from the perspective of maintaining the role of private health insurance for maintaining the economic support of the healthcare industry. The 23 separate issue essays can be selectively viewed on-line.
______, Amnesty International (2010) ‘DEADLY DELIVERY: The Maternal Health Care Crisis in the USA’, New York, N.Y.: Amnesty International Publications. Accessed 11-19-2020 at http://www.amnestyusa.org/deadly-delivery-the-maternal-health-crisis-in-the-usa/
NOTE: The version on-line 11-19-20 did not contain the list of USA States and their respective maternal mortality ratio data that appeared in the original online version of 2010. Curiously, this redaction is likely the result of CDC Policies that redacted the State by State data from within medical publications beginning in about 2007 or 2008. A similar effort at the same time applied to the analysis of mass shootings data. It was a Policy that was eventually rescinded by Congress.
Antonucci, T. C. Ajrouch, K.J. and Birditt, K.S. (2013) ‘The Convoy Model: Explaining Social Relations from a Multidisciplinary Perspective’, The Gerontologist, 54,1:82-72.
Badhwar, Neera (2014) WELL-BEING Happiness in a Worthwhile Life, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Baron, R.J. and Cassel, C. (2008) ’21st-CENTURY PRIMARY CARE new physician roles need new payment models’, Journal of American Medical Association, 299, 13:1595-91.
Barr, M.S. (2004) ‘The Need to Test the Patient-Centered Medical Home’, Journal of the American Medical Association, 300, 10:834-5.
Bazari, H. (2010) ‘Gratitude, Memories, and Meaning in Medicine’, New England Journal of Medicine, 363, 23:2187-89.
Buettner, Dan (2017) BLUE ZONES Happiness, Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Partners LLC
Burns, L.R. and Pauly, M.V. (2018) ‘Transformation of the Health Care Industry: Curb Your Enthusiasm?’, MILBANK QUARTERLY, 96,1:57-109.
______, Census Bureau, Population Division (2005) ‘Interim Projections: Change in Total Population 65 and older by State,’ available 04-21-2005 as accessed 09-21-2008
______, Census Bureau, Population Division (2018) ‘Monthly Population Estimates for the United States: April 1, 2010 to December 1, 2019 available 04-01-2018 as accessed 03-18-2020
______, Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2009) ‘Global Measles Mortality 2000-2008’, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 301, 58:1321-26. accessed 2009
NOTE A world-wide resurgence of worsening annual measles mortality began in 2016. Its worsening association was threatened by a world-wide shortage of measles vaccine that occurred in 2019. The world-wide increasingly prevalent occurrence of measles-related mortality and its association with the Clovid-19 pandemic of 2020 has not been clearly reported.
______, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics (2010) ‘Death in the United States’. Accessed August 2, 2012 at http://www.cdc.nchs/databriefs/db99.htm
______, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Ambulatory Survey (2011) ‘Percentage of Office-Based Physicians…’, Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Report, 60, 27:928. Accessed on 07-15-2011 at http://www.cdc.gov/namcs
______, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, Vital and Health Statistics (2020) ‘The Impact of the Pregnancy Checkbox and Miscalculation on Maternal Mortality Trends in the United States, 1999-2017’ DHHS Publication No.2020 — 1428.
Collins, J. and Koplan, J.P. (2009) ‘Health Impact Statement A Step Toward Health In All Policies’, Journal of the American Medical Association, 302, 3:315-17.
Cunningham, RM Walton, MA and Carter, PM (2018) ‘The Major Causes of Death in Children and Adolescents in the United States’, New England Journal of Medicine, 379, 25: 2468-2475.
Covey, S.R. Merrill, A.R. and Merrill, R.R. (1994) First Things First, New York, NY: Free Press.
Darwin, Charles (1859) THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES, Wordsworth Classics Of World Literature, 1998, Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions Limited.
de Tocqueville, Alexis (1863) Democracy in America, 2nd ed., vol 2 Cambridge, Mass.: Sever & Francis
Drucker, Peter (1993) Post-Industrialist Society New York City, NY: Harper Business.
______, EMTALA (Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act) was enacted as a part of the COBRA (Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act) of 1986.
NOTE In effect, EMTALA became Section 1868 of the Social Security Act. Among a variety of provisions, EMTALA is most commonly recognized as the first federal Act to recognize that a certain type of healthcare is considered as a right for every citizen. Admittedly, the affected type of healthcare is narrowly defined as in access to a hospital’s Emergency Department for health care with or without health insurance including any associated hospital admission or the capability to otherwise arrange payment for the services.
Festinger, Leon (1957) A theory of cognitive dissonance Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Gandi, H. Zucotti, G. and Lee, T. (2011) ‘Incomplete Care–On the Trail of Flaws in the System’, New England Journal of Medicine, 365, 18:496-8.
Gladwell, Malcolm (2008) OUTLIERS The Story of Success, New York, NY: Little, Brown and Company.
Glazier, R.H. and Redelmeier, D.A. (2010) ‘Building the Patient-Centered Medical Home in Canada,’ Journal of the American Medical Society, 303, 21:2186-87.
Goodman, D.G. (2008) ‘Improving Accountability for the Public Investment in Health Professional Education’, Journal of the American Medical Association, 300, 10:1205-7.
Grumbach, K. and Mold, J.W. (2009) ‘A Health Care Cooperative Extensin Service’, Journal of the American Medical Association, 301, 24:2589-91.
Hardin, G. (1968) ‘The Tragedy of the Commons’, SCIENCE, 162, 3859:1243-45.
Hoffer, Eric (1951) The True Believer New York, NY: Harper & Row.
Hurley, R. (2012) The Decision to Trust: How Leaders Create High-Trust Organizations San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Iglehart, J. (2009) ‘Budgeting for Change–Obama’s Down Payment on Health Care Reform,’ New England Journal of Medicine, 360, 14:1380-83.
Kennedy, Robert F. (1968) ‘On the Mindless Menace of Violence’, Speech, April 5, Cleveland, OH: City Club.
NOTE Presidential candidate Senator Robert F. Kenedy gave a similar speech 12 times during his campaign. The transcriptions vary somewhat. but the message is riveting remainder the same. The quotation cited is the ending of his presentation that day, the last time he gave the speech before his death two months later. It is fairly easy to find a recording of this presentation on the internet. It rings true, even more so now, to this day.
Keehan, S.A. et al (2012) ‘National Healthcare Expenditure Projections: Modest Annual Growth Until Coverage Expands and Economic Growth Accelerates’, HEALTH AFFAIRS, 31, 10:1600-1612.
NOTE The lead author and his associates worked at the Office of the Actuary, MEDICARE. For many years, they produced this thoughtful analysis in March as published annually by the same publication. With the retirement of the CMS Chief actuary Rick Foster in 2019, I have wondered what would eventually happen to these reports.
Kuhn, Thomas (1982) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
NOTE The book describes the evolutionary history of scientific conceptual models as the basis for understanding paradigm paralysis.
MacDorman, M. F. Declercq, E. Cabral, H. and Morton, C. (2016) ‘Recent Increases in the U.S. Mortality Rate’, Obstetrics & Gynecology, 128, 3:1-10.
Mechanic, David et al (eds.) (2004) Policy Changes in Modern Health Care, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Mechanic, David (2008) The Truth About Healthcare, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
______, Merriam-Wbster’s Collegiate Dictionary Eleventh Edition (2014) Springfield, MA.
Miller, Annetta (2005) AFRICAN WISDOM FOR LIFE calendar, Makuyu, Nairobi: Pauline Publications Africa
Mintzberg, Henry (2009) ‘Rebuilding Companies as Communities’, HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW, July-August.
Mitchell, E. M. (2016) ‘Concentration of Health Expenditures in the U.S. Nonintitutionalized Population, 2014’, Statistical Brief #497, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. Figure One applies
Mitchell, E. M. (2019) ‘Concentration of Health Expenditures and Selected Characteristics of High Spenders, 2016’, Statistical Brief #521, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. Figure One applies
Mitchell, E.M. (2020) ‘Concentration of Health Expenditures and Selected Characteristics, U.S. Civilian Noninstituionalized Population, 2017’, Statistical Brief #528, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. Figure One applies
______, National Women’s Law Center, (2014) ‘NATIONAL MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE 2001-2006’, Washington, D.C. accessed 1/12/2014 at http://hrc.nwlc.org/status-indicators/maternal-mortality-rate-100000
NOTE By approximately 2016, the maternal mortality data incidence report was no longer internet accessible. This coincided with the redaction of similar data from the Amnesty International USA report at nearly the same time.
Nee, Eric (2016) ‘Editor’s Note Grassroots Change,’ Stanford Social Innovation Review, 14, 1:4.
______, New World Encyclopedia, VOLUNTARISM. accessed initially on 02-24-2013 at http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org with no change when accessed 11-20-2020
Oldham, John (2009) ‘Achieving Large System Change in Health Care,’ Journal of the American Medical Association, 301, 9:965-66.
Ostrom, Elinor (1990) GOVERNING THE COMMONS: The evolution of Institutions for Collective Action, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
NOTE See pages 88-102 for a description of the Design Principles that characterize the successful management of a Common Pool Resource. The last publication involving Professor was published posthumously by Wilson et al (see below) that is based on the Design Principles as applied to human services.
Ostrom, E. (2005) Understanding Institutional Diversity, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
NOTE See page 1 for the definition of an INSTITUTION and Section 7, pages 186-215, for a detailed list of functions applicable for the evaluation of an institution.
Parkinson, C. Northcote (1957) PARKINSON’S LAW, New York, NY: Ballantine Books.
Peabody, F. W. (1927). ‘The Care of the Patient,’ Journal of the American Medical Association, 88, 877-82.
Perez, J. (2011) ‘GANG-RELATED KILLINGS SPIKE,’ Omaha World-Herald, January 15, 2011: page 1A.
Peters, T.J. and Waterman Jr, R.H. (1982) In Search of Excellence, New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers.
Pross, Addy (2012) WHAT IS LIFE? How Chemistry becomes Biology, Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
Rogers, Carl (1961) On Becoming a Person, Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
Stitzenberg, Karyn B. et al, (2007) ‘Distance to Diagnosing Provider as a Measure of Access for Patients with Melanoma,’ Archives of Dermatology, 143, 8:991-8.
Weed, Lawrence (1968) ‘Medical Records that Guide and Teach,’ New England Journal of Medicine, 278, 593-600 and 652-657.
______, Wikipedia. PARADIGM SHIFT definition query accessed 09-07-2019.
Wilson, S.W. Ostrom, E. and Cox, E.M. (2013) ‘Generalizing the core design principles for the efficacy of groups’, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 90, Supplement, June 2013: S21-S32.
NOTE This is the last publication for which Profesor Ostrom actively contributed to its content before her death in 2012.
______, WHO (2012) ‘Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to 2010,’ World Health Organization.
NOTE The international reporting results were assessed by the combined efforts of WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, and The World Bank.
______, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, www.who.int accessed June 4, 2011
______, WHO (2019) ‘ TRENDS IN MATERNAL MORTALITY 2000 to 20017 ‘ accessed December 11, 2020
NOTE This report coincided with the end of a ten-year transition in the USA that will end the embargo on CDC maternal mortality data for the USA and its states. For many years, the reporting Death Certificates had not reflected data that coincided with international reporting standards. Also, the first state by state data using the updated reporting for 2018 was released in January 2020.